The Relationship Between Insomnia and Hypertension
Abstract views: 26
/ 
PDF downloads: 7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14238911Keywords:
Sleep Disorder, Insomnia, Hypertension, VitaminAbstract
Objective: Sleep, which accounts for approximately one-third of our lives, is an important part of our daily lives. Sleep disorders are associated with a variety of mental and physical health problems. Common sleep disorders include insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and narcolepsy. Insomnia is the most common among these, and its main symptoms are difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, early awakening, decrease in sleep quality, decrease in total sleep time and accompanied by daytime dysfunction. Insomnia generally has a negative effect on blood pressure through psychogenic, neurogenic and humoral pathways. The aim of our study is to investigate the frequency of insomnia, which we consider to be an important problem in hypertensive patients, and to comprehensively discuss its relationship with vitamin B12 and vitamin D in the light of the relevant literature.
Materials and Methods: In our study, the frequency of insomnia was investigated in 108 adult patients with hypertension between March 2020 and November 2023. In addition to the routine laboratory and radiological examinations of the patients, vitamin D, vitamin B12, magnesium and folate levels were also investigated.
Results: Of the 108 patients accepted to our study, 48 were men and 60 were women. Their ages ranged from 36 to 81 years, with a median age of 61.14±10.32 years. A total of 24 patients (22.2%), 14 of whom were women, had insomnia. The average age of patients with insomnia was significantly higher. The mean vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in those with insomnia (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Since insomnia is common in hypertensive patients, it is important to investigate sleep status by taking a detailed anamnesis in each hypertensive patient. Insomnia in hypertension patients should be identified early and managed. Likewise, the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension should not be delayed in those with insomnia. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms between insomnia and hypertension.
References
Abboud M. (2022). Vitamin D Supplementation and Sleep: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intervention Studies. Nutrients, 14(5):1076. doi: 10.3390/nu14051076. PMID: 35268051; PMCID: PMC8912284.
Adıgüzel AA, Erdem NZ, Koçak M. (2023). Diyet Magnezyum Alımı İle Uyku Kalitesi ve Yorgunluk Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Çalışma. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 8(1):11-21.
Bootzin, R. R., & Nicassio, P. M. (1978). Behavioral treatments for insomnia. In M. Hersen, R. M. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior modification (Vol. 6, pp. 1–45). Elsevier.
Chan V, Lo K. (2022). Efficacy of dietary supplements on improving sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. postgrad Med J, 98(1158):285-93.
Chen CY, Chen CL, Yu CC, et al. (2015). Association of inflammation and oxidative stress with obstructive sleep apnea in ischemic stroke patients. Sleep Med, 16(2):113–118. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.07.027.
Cheng W., Rolls E. T., Ruan H., Feng J. (2018). Functional connectivities in the brain that mediate the association between depressive problems and sleep quality. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(10), 1052–1061. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1941.
Dahl, R.E. (1996). The regulation of sleep and arousal: Development and psychopathology. Dev. Psychopathol, 8, 3–27.
Dai Y, Chen B, Chen L, Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Karataraki M, et al. (2023). Insomnia with objective short sleep duration isassociated with hypertension.Journal of Sleep Research, 32(4),e13833.https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.138338of8DAIET AL.
Gangwisch JE. A review of evidence for the link between sleep duration and hypertension. (2014). Am J Hypert, 27(10), 1235–42.
Gao Q, Kou T, Zhuang B, Ren Y, Dong X, Wang Q. (2018). The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 10(10):1395. doi: 10.3390/nu10101395. PMID: 30275418; PMCID: PMC6213953.
Ghasemi S, Mohammadi N.K, Bitaraf A, Ayati A, Sharifi F. (2024). Studying the relationship between insomnia and sleep disorders with hypertension: a report from community-dwelling older adults living in Tehran, Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-024-01390-x
Hernandez-Aceituno A., Guallar-Castillon P., Garcia-Esquinas E., Rodriguez-Artalejo F., Banegas J. R. (2019). Association between sleep characteristics and antihypertensive treatment in older adults. Geriatrics and Gerontology International, 19(6):537–540. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13660.
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., et al. (2015). National sleep foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation, 1, 233–243.
Jablonski K.L., Chonchol M., Pierce G.L., Walker A.E., Seals D.R. (2011). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation-linked vascular endothelial dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults. Hypertension, 57:63–69.
Jansson-Fröjmark M, Nordenstam L, Alfonsson S, Bohman B, Rozental A, Norell-Clarke A. (2024). Stimulus control for insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res, 33(1):e14002. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14002. Epub 2023 Jul 27. PMID: 37496454.
Jike, M., Itani, O., Watanabe, N., Buysse, D. J., & Kaneita, Y. Long sleep duration and health outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 2018;39, 25–36.
Kalmbach D. A., Anderson J. R., Drake C. L. (2018). The impact of stress on sleep: pathogenic sleep reactivity as a vulnerability to insomnia and circadian disorders. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(6), e12710. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12710.e12710.
Kalmbach D. A., Anderson J. R., Drake C. L. (2018). The impact of stress on sleep: pathogenic sleep reactivity as a vulnerability to insomnia and circadian disorders. Journal of Sleep Research, 27(6) doi: 10.1111/jsr.12710.e12710.
Koopman A. D. M., Beulens J. W., Dijkstra T., et al. (2020). Prevalence of insomnia (symptoms) in T2D and association with metabolic parameters and glycemic control: meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 105(3), 614–643. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz065.
Krueger J.M., Majde J.A., Rector D.M. (2011). Cytokines in immune function and sleep regulation. Handb. Clin. Neurol, 98:229–240.
Lim GB. (2019). Sleep reduces haematopoiesis and atherosclerosis via a neuroimmune axis. Nat Rev Cardiol, 16(4):199. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0174-5
Liu D, Yu C, Huang K, Thomas S, Yang W, Liu S, Kuang J. (2022). The Association between Hypertension and Insomnia: A Bidirectional Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Int J Hypertens, 2022:4476905. doi: 10.1155/2022/4476905. PMID: 36618449; PMCID: PMC9815923.
Lu K, Chen J, Wu S, Chen J, Hu D. (2015). Interaction of sleep duration and sleep quality on hypertension prevalence in adult Chinese males. J Epidemiol, 25:415–22.
Makarem N, Alcántara C, Williams N, Bello NA, Abdalla M. (2021). Effect of Sleep Disturbances on Blood Pressure. Hypertension, 77(4), 1036-1046. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14479. Epub 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33611935; PMCID: PMC7946733.
Makarem, N., Shechter, A., Carnethon, M.R. et al. (2019). Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Curr Hypertens Rep, 21, 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-019-0938-7.
Mills K.T., Stefanescu A., He J. (2020). The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat. Rev. Nephrol, 16, 223–237. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0244-2.
Nutakor, J.A., Dai, B., Gavu, A.K. et al. Relationship between chronic diseases and sleep duration among older adults in Ghana. Qual Life Res 29, 2101–2110 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02450-4.
Pan XL, Nie L, Zhao SY, Zhang XB, Zhang S, Su ZF. (2022). The Association Between Insomnia and Atherosclerosis: A Brief Report. Nat Sci Sleep, 14:443-448. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S336318. PMID: 35313542; PMCID: PMC8934162.
Rezapour M, Moosazadeh M, Hessami A, Khademloo M, Hosseini SH. (2022). Association between blood pressure and parameters related to sleep disorders in Tabari cohort population. Clin Hypertens, 28(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40885-022-00216-3. PMID: 36376986; PMCID: PMC9664700.
Sateia MJ. International classification of sleep disorders-third edition: highlights and modifications. (2014). Chest, 146(5), 1387–1394. doi:10.1378/ chest.14-09705.
Savaş S. Uyku bozuklukları. Kılavuz A, editörler. Multidisipliner Bakış Açısıyla Geriatrik Sendromlar. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p.67-74.
Skaer, T.L. & Sclar, D.A. Economic implications of sleep disorders. Pharmacoeconomics 2010, 28, 1015–1023.
Stumpf W.E., Bidmon H.J., Li L., Pilgrim C., Bartke A., Mayerhofer A., Heiss C. (1992). Nuclear receptor sites for vitamin D-soltriol in midbrain and hindbrain of Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) assessed by autoradiography. Histochemistry, 98:155–164. doi: 10.1007/BF00315874.
Stumpf W.E., O’Brien L.P. (1987). 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 sites of action in the brain. An autoradiographic study. Histochemistry, 87:393–406. doi: 10.1007/BF00496810.
Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A. (2009). Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep, 32(4), 491-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.4.491. PMID: 19413143; PMCID: PMC2663863.
Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Pejovic S, Calhoun S, Karataraki M, Bixler EO. (2009). Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with type 2 diabetes: A population-based study. Diabetes Care, 32(11), 1980-5. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0284. Epub 2009 Jul 29. PMID: 19641160; PMCID: PMC2768214.
Wang Y. M., Chen H. G., Song M., et al. (2016). Prevalence of insomnia and its risk factors in older individuals: a community-based study in four cities of Hebei Province, China. Sleep Medicine, 19:116–122. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.10.018.
Wolf, B., Völzke, H., Schwahn, C., Robinson, D., Kessler, C., & John, U. (2008). Relation of selfreported sleep duration with carotid intima-media thickness in a general population sample. Atherosclerosis, 196(2), 727–732.
Yadav D, Hyun DS, Ahn SV, Koh SB, Kim JY. (2017). A prospective study of the association between total sleep duration and incident hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 19:550–7.
Yıldırım BD, Ersü DÖ. Uyku ve beslenme. (2023). Arel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1): 24-32.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 GEVHER NESIBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 