Ameliyathane Çalışanlarında Cerrahi Dumana Maruz Kalmanın Semptomlar Üzerine Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme ve Meta Analiz
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7926831Anahtar Kelimeler:
Cerrahi Duman, Elektrocerrahi Dumanı, Mesleki Maruziyet, Mesleki Tehlike, ÖnlemÖzet
Amaç: Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte birçok alanda olduğu gibi ameliyathanelerde de ileri düzey ekipmanların kullanımı artmaktadır. Bu ekipmanlar kullanım açısından kolaylık sağlasa da ameliyathane çalışanları ve hastalar açısından bazı riskleri de barındırır. Cerrahi duman, elektrokoter, lazer, ultrasonik neşter, matkap, testere gibi ekipmanların ameliyat sırasında hemostaz, diseksiyon ya da eksizyon amaçlı kullanılması sonucu ortama salınan görünür özellikteki gazdır. Ameliyathane çalışanları bu durumdan olumsuz etkilenebilirler.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu sistematik derleme ve meta analizde, cerrahi dumana maruz kalan ameliyathane çalışanlarında dumandan korunmaya yönelik önlemlerin semptomlar üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmesi amaçlandı. 2010-2021 yılları arasında yayınlanan tanımlayıcı, kesitsel ve prospektif kohort çalışmalar değerlendirildi. 21 Aralık 2021 tarihinde CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar veri tabanlarından uygun çalışmalar seçildi. Toplam 8 çalışmanın sonuçları (6 tanımlayıcı, 1 kesitsel, 1 prospektif kohort) birleştirildi.
Bulgular: Birleştirilmiş çalışmaların analizinde; cerrahi duman hakkında bilgi sahibi olma, tahliye cihazının varlığı, maruz kalma sıklığı ile baş ağrısı, bulantı, boğazda yanma, gözlerde yanma semptomlarının cerrahi dumana maruz kalma üzerinde pozitif yönde yüksek etki büyüklüğüne sahip olduğu bulundu. Cerrahi dumana yönelik önlem alma ve solunum değişiklikleri semptomu ise cerrahi dumana maruz kalma üzerinde negatif yönde etki büyüklüğüne sahip olduğu bulundu.
Sonuç: Cerrahi duman maruziyetine bağlı ameliyathane çalışanlarında baş ağrısı, bulantı, boğazda yanma ve gözlerde yanma bulguları maruziyetle doğru orantılı olarak arttığı, solunum değişikliklerinde ise azalma olduğu sonucu elde edildi. Ameliyathane çalışanlarının bilgi düzeyleri, önlem alma yöntemleri ve duman tahliye cihazları kullanımı arttıkça maruziyetin azaldığı, dumana maruz kalma sıklığı arttıkça semptomların da arttığı sonuçlarına ulaşıldı.
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