The Effect of Vaccination Status on COVID-19 Infection Symptoms during Pregnancy and Subsequent Attitudes towards Medication Use: A Case-Control Study


Abstract views: 7 / PDF downloads: 3

Authors

  • Gülçin NACAR
  • Gamze DERMAN
  • Sermin TIMUR TAŞHAN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18178153

Keywords:

COVID-19, Drug use, Pregnancy Symptoms, Vaccine

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms of COVID-19 during pregnancy and subsequent medication use.

Materials and Methods: In the study, pregnant women who were admitted to the COVID-19 Septic Service of a public hospital, received COVID-19 vaccine and were diagnosed with COVID-19 constituted the case group. Pregnant women in the case group were matched for age (±1 year) and gestational week (±1 week) with pregnant women who did not receive COVID-19 vaccination and were diagnosed with COVID-19 at the appropriate service to form a control group. The study was completed with a total of 116 pregnant women, 65 case and 51 control. The Participant Information Form and Pregnancy Symptom Inventory were used to collect data.

Results: In the study, there was a significant correlation between COVID-19 vaccination status and COVID-19 symptoms of fever, shortness of breath, fatigue and headache (p<0.005). Pregnant women who received COVID-19 vaccine were found to use vitamin and mineral supplements at a significant level  (OR=5.71, p=0.039).

Conclusion: Pregnant women receiving COVID-19 vaccine had fewer COVID-19 symptoms and more vitamin and mineral supplements.

Author Biographies

Gülçin NACAR

 

 

Gamze DERMAN

 

 

Sermin TIMUR TAŞHAN

 

 

References

Antonelli, M., Penfold, R. S., Merino, J., Sudre, C. H., Molteni, E., Berry, S., … Steves, C. J. (2022). Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: A prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 43–55.

Antonelli, M., Penfold, R. S., Canas, L. D. S., Sudre, C., Rjoob, K., Murray, B., … Steves, C. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 infection following booster vaccination: Illness and symptom profile in a prospective, observational community-based case-control study. Journal of Infection, 87(6), 506–515.

Bhattacharya, A., Ranjan, P., Ghosh, T., Agarwal, H., Seth, S., Maher, G. T., … Wig, N. (2021). Evaluation of the dose-effect association between the number of doses and duration since the last dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and its efficacy in preventing the disease and reducing disease severity: A single centre, cross-sectional analytical study from India. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 15(5), 102238.

Blakeway, H., Prasad, S., Kalafat, E., Heath, P. T., Ladhani, S. N., Le Doare, K., … Khalil, A. (2022). COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: Coverage and safety. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 226(2), 236.e1–236.e14.

Dayan, S. (2021). COVID-19 ve aşı. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 48, 98–113.

Duarte, L. F., Gálvez, N. M. S., Iturriaga, C., Melo-González, F., Soto, J. A., Schultz, B. M., … Kalergis, A. M. (2021). Immune profile and clinical outcome of breakthrough cases after vaccination with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 742914.

Estofolete, C. F., Banho, C. A., Campos, G. R. F., Marques, B. C., Sacchetto, L., Ullmann, L. S., … Nogueira, M. L. (2021). Case study of two post vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections with P.1 variants in CoronaVac vaccinees in Brazil. Viruses, 13(7), 1237.

Fu, W., Sivajohan, B., McClymont, E., Albert, A., Elwood, C., Ogilvie, G., & Money, D. (2022). Systematic review of the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and lactating individuals and their infants. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 156(3), 406–417.

Girardi, G., & Bremer, A. A. (2022). Scientific evidence supporting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine efficacy and safety in people planning to conceive or who are pregnant or lactating. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 139(1), 3–8.

Gryszczyńska, B., Budzyń, M., Grupińska, J., Kasprzak, M. P., & Gryszczyńska, A. (2022). Nutritional behaviors, vitamin supplementation and physical activity among Polish adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrients, 14(2), 331.

Hamulka, J., Jeruszka-Bielak, M., Górnicka, M., Drywień, M. E., & Zielinska-Pukos, M. A. (2020). Dietary supplements during COVID-19 outbreak: Results of Google Trends analysis supported by PLifeCOVID-19 online studies. Nutrients, 13(1), 54.

Joubert, E., Kekeh, A. C., & Amin, C. N. (2022). COVID-19 and novel mRNA vaccines in pregnancy: An updated literature review. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 129(1), 21–28.

Kalafat, E., O’Brien, P., Heath, P. T., Le Doare, K., von Dadelszen, P., Magee, L., … Khalil, A. (2021). Benefits and potential harms of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: Evidence summary for patient counseling. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 57(5), 681–686.

Karbownik, M. S., Dobielska, M., Paul, E., Kowalczyk, R. P., & Kowalczyk, E. (2021). Health-, medication- and dietary supplement-related behaviors and beliefs relatively unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(8), 1501–1506.

Korkmaz, S., Ateşçelik, M., Balcı, H. N., Baykara, S., Canpolat, Ş., Korkmaz, H., & Atmaca, M. (2022). Health anxiety, health perception, and healthy lifestyle behavior among psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 24(2), 21m03197.

Macit, M. S. (2020). Covid-19 salgını sonrası yetişkin bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarındaki değişikliklerin değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(3), 277–288.

Magon, N., Prasad, S., Mahato, C., & Sharma, J. B. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine and pregnancy: A safety weapon against pandemic. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 61(2), 201–209.

McKenna, M. J., Lyons, O. C., Flynn, M. A., Crowley, R. K., Twomey, P. J., & Kilbane, M. T. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and vitamin D: Rising trends in status and in daily amounts of vitamin D provided by supplements. BMJ Open, 12(8), e059477.

Merwid-Ląd, A., Szandruk-Bender, M., Matuszewska, A., Trocha, M., Nowak, B., Oster, M., & Szeląg, A. (2022). Factors that influence the use of dietary supplements among the students of Wroclaw Medical University in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7485.

Mun, H., & So, E. S. (2022). Changes in physical activity, healthy diet, and sleeping time during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Nutrients, 14(5), 960.

Puścion-Jakubik, A., Bielecka, J., Grabia, M., Mielech, A., Markiewicz-Żukowska, R., Mielcarek, K., … Socha, K. (2021). Consumption of food supplements during the three COVID-19 waves in Poland—Focus on zinc and vitamin D. Nutrients, 13(10), 3361.

Rottenstreich, M., Sela, H. Y., Rotem, R., Kadish, E., Wiener-Well, Y., & Grisaru-Granovsky, S. (2022). Covid-19 vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy: Rate of vaccination and maternal and neonatal outcomes, a multicentre retrospective cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 129(2), 248–255.

Selçuk, K. T., & Şahin, N. (2021). COVID-19 salgını sürecinde yetişkinlerde gıda takviyesi kullanımı ve ilişkili etmenler. TJFMPC, 15(4), 751–762.

Shimabukuro, T. T., Kim, S. Y., Myers, T. R., Moro, P. L., Oduyebo, T., Panagiotakopoulos, L., … CDC v-safe COVID-19 Pregnancy Registry Team. (2021). Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(24), 2273–2282.

Singh, C., Naik, B. N., Pandey, S., Biswas, B., Pati, B. K., Verma, M., & Singh, P. K. (2021). Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing infection and disease severity: A case-control study from an Eastern State of India. Epidemiology and Infection, 149, e224.

Stock, S. J., Carruthers, J., Calvert, C., Denny, C., Donaghy, J., Goulding, A., … Wood, R. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland. Nature Medicine, 28(3), 504–512.

Tudisco, R., Garufi, C., Rizzo, F., Polimeno, T., Lanzone, A., & De Carolis, S. (2023). Impact of mRNA-based vaccines in the prevention of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy: A single-center cohort study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1214768.

World Health Organization. (2022). Questions and answers: COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy (Erişim tarihi: 15 Aralık 2023). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-FAQ-Pregnancy-Vaccines-2022.1

World Health Organization. (2022). Country readiness for COVID-19 vaccines (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2023). https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/country-readiness-for-COVID-19-vaccines

Wróbel, K., Milewska, A. J., Marczak, M., & Kozłowski, R. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the composition of dietary supplements and functional foods notified in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11751.

Yavuz, E. (2020). COVID-19 aşıları. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 24(4), 223–234.

Zawbaa, H. M., Osama, H., El-Gendy, A., Saeed, H., Harb, H. S., Madney, Y. M., … Abdelrahim, M. E. A. (2022). Effect of mutation and vaccination on spread, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 disease. Journal of Medical Virology, 94(1), 197–204.

Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

NACAR , G., DERMAN, G., & TIMUR TAŞHAN , S. (2025). The Effect of Vaccination Status on COVID-19 Infection Symptoms during Pregnancy and Subsequent Attitudes towards Medication Use: A Case-Control Study. GEVHER NESIBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, 10(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18178153

Issue

Section

Articles