Evaluation of the Levels of Stigma, Depression, Quality Of Life and Social Support of Patients with HIV


Abstract views: 148 / PDF downloads: 54

Authors

  • Sebahat Gökçe ÇERÇİ gökçeçerçi
  • Havva SERT

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10611937

Keywords:

Depression, HIV, Social Support, Stigma, Quality of Life

Abstract

Aim: HIV that has affected more than 35 million people worldwide so far is encountered as an important global community health problem. HIV positive individuals can be exposed to stigma depending on several factors. The study was conducted for the purpose of assessing the stigma, quality of life, depression and social support levels of patients with HIV.

Method: The study, planned as a descriptive type, was conducted between May and November 2018, with 40 patients registered to the infection outpatient clinic of a hospital, after obtaining institutional permission and ethics committee approval. Data were collected in an environment comfortable for the patient by using the Patient Identification Form, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale (SF 36 QOLS), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HASS). The interviews lasted about 25-30 minutes. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests in computer environment.

Results:  It was determined that the mean score obtained by the HIV positive individuals from the physical main dimension of the SF-36 QOLS was 77,03±16,66, mental main dimension 66,35±16,48, depression score 9,65±6,26, MPSSS score average 45,75±9,325 and the HASS score average was between 0,01±0,050 and 0,74±0,343. It was determined that there is a relationship between stigma seen in individuals and some sub-dimensions related to depression, social support levels and quality of life.

Conclusion: It was observed that the highest score on the stigma scale in HIV-positive individuals belonged to the negative self-perception sub-dimension, and there was a relationship between quality of life and some sub-dimensions of perceived social support.

Author Biographies

Sebahat Gökçe ÇERÇİ , gökçeçerçi

 

 

Havva SERT

 

 

References

Abedinia, N., Rasoolinajad, M., Noorbala, A., Badie, B.M. (2019). I am HIV-positive, but I am a human being: qualitative study on experiences of stigma in health care centres in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 25(10), 669-676.

Andersson, G.Z., Eriksson, L. E., Schönnesson, L. N., Höijer, J., Månehall, P., Ekström, A. M. (2019). Beyond viral suppression: the quality of life of people living with HIV in Sweden. AIDS care, 31(4), 403-412.

Aslan, F.G., Altındiş, M. (2017). Current diagnostic algorithm of hıv and emerging prevention methods. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi, 47(2), 47–60.

Başoğlu, S., Polat, Ü., Güngör, C. (2020). HIV/AIDS hastalığı ile yaşam: öz yönetim ve psikososyal uyum. sağlık bilimleri üniversitesi hemşirelik dergisi, 2(3), 183-190.

Beck, A.T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., Erbaugh, J.J.A.G.P. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561-571.

Beyene Gebrezgiabher, B., Huluf Abraha, T., Hailu, E., Siyum, H., Mebrahtu, G., Gidey, B., ... Angesom, T. (2019). Depression among adult HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinics at Aksum Town, Aksum, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Depression research and treatment, 2019.

Bhatta, D.N., Liabsuetrakul, T. (2017). Efficacy of a social self-value empowerment intervention to improve quality of life of hiv infected people receiving antiretroviral treatment in nepal: a randomized controlled trial.AIDS and Behavior, 21(6),1620–1631.

Biambo, A.A., Adibe, M.O., Liman, H.M., Ukwe, C.V. (2018). Health-Related Quality Of Life Of HIV-İnfected patients taking different antiretroviral regimens at a tertiary healthcare facility in northern nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17 (3), 549-557.

Carvalho, B.D., Policarpo, S., Moreira, A.C. (2017). Nutritional status and quality of life in HIV-infected patients. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 34(4), 923–933.

Casale, M., Boyes, M., Pantelic, M., Toska, E., Cluver, L. (2019). Journal of affective disorders suicidal thoughts and behaviour among south african adolescents living with hiv : can social support buffer the impact of stigma? Journal of Affective Disorders, 245(February 2018),82–90.

Chen, B., Peng, Y., Zhou, L., Chai, C., Yeh, H. C., Chen, S., ...Wang, X. (2016). Social support received by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients and related factors: a cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China. Patient preference and adherence, 1063-1070.

Çalışkan, P. (2011). HIV-AIDS damgalama ölçeğinin türk toplumunda geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Dam, L., Cheng, A., Tran, P., Wong, S. S., Hershow, R., Cotler, S., … Cotler, S. J. (2016). Hepatitis B stigma and knowledge among vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City and Chicago. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2016.

Demirtaş, F.A., Şahin, N. (2022). HIV ve damgalanma: bir sistematik derleme. Sağlık ve Toplum, 32 (2), 13-25.

Duko, B., Geja, E., Zewude, M., Mekonen, S. (2018). Prevalence and associated factors of depression among patients with HIV / AIDS İn hawassa, ethiopia, cross ‑ sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1),21.

Eker, D., Arkar, H. (1995). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeği’nin faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 10(34), 45–55.

Eker, D., Arkar, H., Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1),17–25.

Gökengin, D. (2018). Türkiye’de hıv infeksiyonu: hedefe ne kadar yakınız? Klimik Dergisi, 31(1), 4-10

Gökengin, D., Çalık, Ş., Öktem, P. (2017). Türkiye’de hiv’le ilgili damgalama ve ayrımcılığın analizi :HIV ile yaşayan kişiler için damgalanma göstergesi sonuçları. Klimik Dergisi, 30(1), 15–21.

Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin Üniversite Öğrencileri İçin Geçerliği, Güvenirliği. Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(23),3–13.

Holzemer, W.L., Uys, L.R., Chirwa, M. L., Greeff, M., Makoae, L. N., Kohi, T. W., ... Durrheim, K. (2007). Validation of the HIV/AIDS stigma instrument—Plwa (Hasi-P). AIDS care, 19(8),1002-1012.

Karakoç, H.N., Kaya, S., Aydin, M., Köksal, İ. (2021). Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral treatment among HIV/AIDS patients in turkey. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 26(4), 679-689.

Kalomo, E.N. (2018). Associations between hiv-related stigma, self- esteem , social support , and depressive symptoms in namibia depressive symptoms in namibia. Aging & Mental Health 2018;22(12):1570–1576.

Kaya, E., Şimşek, F., Yildirmak, T. (2020). Erkek HIV/AIDS hastalarında damgalanmanın yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(5), 499-506.

Koçyiğit, H., Aydemir, Ö., Ölmez, N., Memiş, A. (1999). Reliability and validity of the turkish version of short-form (SF–36). Turkish J Drugs Therapy, 12,102–106.

Koseoglu Ornek, O., Tabak, F., Mete, B. (2020). Stigma in hospital: an examination of beliefs and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients, Istanbul. AIDS Care ,32(8),1045-1051.

Li, L., Lee, S., Thammawijaya, P., Jiraphongsa, C., Rotheram-Borus, M.J. (2009). Stigma, social support, and depression among people living with hiv in thailand. AIDS Care, 21(8),1007–1013.

Nazik, E., Arslan, S., Nazik, H., Kurtaran, B., Nazik, S., Ulu, A., … Taşova, Y. (2013). Determination of quality of life and their perceived social support from family of patients with HIV / AIDS. Sex Disabil, 31,263–274.

Örnek, Ö.K., Kocamış, E.İ. (2022). Hastane ve üniversite’de stigma: HIV/AIDS pozitif hastalarına yönelik tutum, davranış ve inanışların incelenmesi, istanbul. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 31(1),1-1.

Parcesepe, A., Tymejczyk, O., Remien, R., Gadisa, T., Kulkarni, S. G., Hoffman, S., ... Nash, D. (2018). HIV-related stigma, social support, and psychological distress among individuals initiating ART in Ethiopia. AIDS and Behavior, 22, 3815-3825.

Rafique, I., Siddiqui, S., Munir, M.A., Qureshi, H., Javed, N., Naz, S.,…Tirmazi, I.Z. (2014). Experiences of stigma among hepatitis b and c patients in rawalpindi and ıslamabad, pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal La Revue De Santé De La Méditerranée Orientale, 20(12),796–803.

Rubin, L.H., Maki, P.M. (2019). HIV, depression, and cognitive impairment in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Current Hiv/aids Reports, 16(1),82-95.

Shrestha, R., Copenhaver, M., Bazazi, A.R., Huedo-medina, T.B., Krishnan, A., Altice, F.L. (2017). A Moderated mediation model of hiv-related stigma, depression and social support on health-related quality of life among incarcerated malaysian men with HIV and opioid dependence. AIDS Behavior, 21,1059–1069.

Surur, A.S., Teni, F.S., Wale, W., Ayalew, Y., Tesfaye, B. (2017). Health related quality of life of hiv/aids patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy at a university referral hospital in ethiopia. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1–8.

Savaş, N., Öner, S., Tamam, L., Öner, H., Saltoğlu, N., Aytaç, N.,Akbaba, M. (2002). Çütf balcalı hastanesi klinik bakteriyoloji ve infeksiyon hastalıkları polikliniği’nde izlenen kronik b hepatitli hastalarda anksiyete ve depresyon görülme sıklığı. Flora Dergisi, 7(3),177–184.

T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. (2018). HIV/AIDS tanı kılavuzu, Ankara. Erişim Adresi: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Bulasici-hastaliklar-db/hastaliklar/HIV-ADS/Tani-Tedavi_Rehberi/HIV_AIDS_Kontrol_Programi.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 19.12.2022.

Tesfaw, G., Ayano, G., Awoke, T., Assefa, D., Birhanu, Z., Miheretie, G., …Abebe, G. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among patients with HIV on-follow up at Alert Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC psychiatry, 16, 1-7.

Yan, H., Li, X., Li, J., Wang, W., Yang, Y., Yao, X., ... Li, S. (2019). Association between perceived HIV stigma, social support, resilience, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nanjing, China. Aids Care, 31(9), 1069-1076.

Zimet, G.D., Powell, S.S., Farley, G.K., Werkman, S., Berkoff, K.A. (1990). Psychometric characteristics of the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal Of Personality Assessment, 55(3-4), 610-617.

Ware, J.E., Sherbourne, C.D. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 473-83.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-03

How to Cite

ÇERÇİ , S. G., & SERT, H. (2024). Evaluation of the Levels of Stigma, Depression, Quality Of Life and Social Support of Patients with HIV. GEVHER NESIBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, 9(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10611937

Issue

Section

Articles